Determining rock strength parameters such as uniaxial compressive strength, cohesion, and angle of internal friction by drilling is of interest due to its ease and speed, and small-scale drilling can be considered as a non-destructive method. In order to develop and complete the recently presented analytical model, as well as the experimental work carried out on the subject of determining rock strength parameters from drilling data, it was necessary to pay attention to the role and effect of various operational factors on the estimated results of this technique and to provide an appropriate application range for each of these influential factors. These factors include drill parameters such as drill geometry, drill material and its wear rate, and drilling parameters such as penetration rate, rotation speed, and specific drilling energy. Determining an appropriate range for these parameters can be a step towards standardizing this method while ensuring the results obtained for rock strength parameters. Therefore, in this study, a marble with a relatively homogeneous and isotropic structure was selected to experimentally investigate the role of these factors, and standard laboratory tests and small-scale drilling tests were performed on samples of this stone, and the role of each of the aforementioned parameters was examined. The results of the drilling tests show that if the various drill and drilling parameters are correctly selected, the strength parameters estimated for the stone from the drilling data are in good agreement with the results of conventional standard tests. In this method, the angle of inclination of the drill and its abrasion play an important role. So that in order to estimate the strength parameters of the stone, it is necessary to use a slow drill with an appropriate inclination angle. However, the estimated results are not affected by the amount of changes in drill abrasion. The penetration depth in drilling is affected by the rotation speed and the load behind the drill, which in addition to the fracture mechanism in the rock, affects the drilling efficiency.